Influence of altitudes on phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activities of Cabernet Sauvignon berries in Loess Plateau region | 海拔对黄土高原地区赤霞珠果实酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的影响

中国人. 研究黄土高原地区2个不同海拔条件下赤霞珠果实酚类化合物含量及抗氧化活性的差异，为不同立地条件下酿酒葡萄的种植提供理论依据。以高海拔（1 280 m）坡地和低海拔（909 m）谷地种植的赤霞珠果实为研究对象，对其理化指标、酚类物质含量、抗氧化活性(DPPH自由基清除法、铜离子还原能力和超氧自由基清除能力)及10种单体酚（没食子酸、安息香酸、丁香酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、香豆酸、水杨酸、儿茶素、槲皮素、芦丁）含量进行分析，比较海拔对赤霞珠果实酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的影响。坡地和谷地赤霞珠果实糖酸比分别为18.7和20.3，与坡地赤霞珠相比，谷地赤霞珠的成熟度较好；坡地和谷地赤霞珠果实总黄烷醇含量分别为330和348 mg/kg，花色苷含量分别为1 182和929 mg/kg，与坡地赤霞珠相比，谷地赤霞珠总黄烷醇含量较高，但花色苷含量较低；坡地和谷地赤霞珠果实抗氧化能力分别为9 715和9 824 μmol/kg (DPPH自由基清除法)， 26 033和37 109 μmol/kg (铜离子还原能力)，71.6%和74.0% (超氧自由基清除能力)，以上3种抗氧化方法的测定结果均表明，谷地赤霞珠果实抗氧化能力强于坡地，其中以铜离子还原能力测定结果差异最大；对坡地和谷地赤霞珠果实中所含的10种单体酚进行检测，除香豆酸外，其他9种单体酚含量均表现为谷地高于坡地，其中以安息香酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、儿茶素和槲皮素的差异较为明显。海拔对赤霞珠果实的品质有一定影响，但影响程度在不同品质指标间存在差异；在黄土高原地区，低海拔谷地赤霞珠果实的成熟度、酚类化合物含量及抗氧化能力均优于高海拔坡地赤霞珠果实。

英语. The study was to understand the influence of different altitudes on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries, and to provide some theoretical evidence to plant wine grape from 2 different altitude’s vineyards located in Loess Plateau region. With the Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries from the slope land (1 280 m) and the valley land (909 m) vineyards as subject investigated, the physicochemical index, the phenolic content, antioxidant activities (DPPH free radical-scavenging capacity, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and superoxide-radical-scavenging activity) and 10 individual phenolic (Gallic-acid, Benzoic acid, Syringic acid, Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, Coumaric acid, Salicylic acid, Catechin, Quercetin, Rutin) content of Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries were analyzed. These results were used to compare the effect of cultivation altitudes on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of them. The sugar acid ratio of Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries from slope land and valley land vineyards was respectively 18.7 and 20.3, the latter with better ripeness; the total flavanols content in slope land and valley land vineyards was respectively 330 and 348 mg/kg, the anthocyanins content of them was respectively 1 182 and 929 mg/kg. Compared with grape berries from slope land, the content of total flavanols in valley land was higher than that of slope land, but the content of anthocyanins was lower; the antioxidant activities of grape berries in slope land and valley land were respectively 9 715 and 9 824 μmol/kg (DPPH free radical-scavenging capacity), 26 033 and 37 109 μmol/kg (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity),71.6% and 74.0% (superoxide radical-scavenging activity). The three methods of antioxidant activities conformably indicated that antioxidant activities of grape berries in valley land were higher, but there was difference among the three analytical methods, especially for cupric reducing antioxidant capacity. In two altitude’s vineyards, 10 individual phenolics in Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries were detected, except for coumaric acid. The content of other 9 individual phenolics of Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries from valley land was conformably higher than that of slope land, especially for benzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, catechin and quercetin. Different altitudes had certain effect on the quality of grape berries, but the influence was inconsistent with different quality indices. The ripeness, the phenolic compound contents and the antioxidant activities of Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries from valley land of low altitude were higher than those of slope land of high altitude.