Analysis of genetic diversity within populations of rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces | 水稻地方品种群体内的遗传多样性分析

中国人. 研究水稻地方品种群体内的遗传多样性，为水稻地方品种的有效保护和利用提供理论依据。以来自云南省不同地区的齐头谷、大白糯、香谷、九月糯、接骨糯、冷水谷、黄版所、麻线谷等8个水稻地方品种为试验材料，分析7个主要农艺性状在群体内的表型变异，利用11对SSR引物进行水稻地方品种群体内的遗传多样性分析。在7个主要农艺性状中，穗抽出度、有效穗数和穗粒数在地方品种群体内的变异系数较大，分别为37.5%～950.1%，32.0%～49.4%和17.8%～37.5%，而剑叶宽和株高在地方品种群体内的变异系数较小，分别为8.2%～13.7%和4.5%～14.3%。8个水稻地方品种各群体内等位基因数的变幅为27～55个，每个位点的平均等位基因数为2.45～5.00个；稀有等位基因（基因频率小于5％）比率除麻线谷较小（26.0％）外，其余地方品种均较大，为43.2％～69.0％；平均Nei基因多样性指数变异在 0.108 3～0.534 2，平均为0.281 3，在各地方品种间表现出极显著差异。AMOVA分析表明，地方品种群体间的变异率为65.9%，而群体内的变异率为34.1%；11对SSR引物中，RM333、RM257和RM180在各群体内既表现出较多的等位基因数（Na），分别为7.50，5.63和4.50个；又表现出较高的Nei基因多样性指数（He），分别为0.503 6，0.413 9和0.350 3。穗抽出度、有效穗数和穗粒数在地方品种群体内的表型多样性较高，而剑叶宽和株高在地方品种群体内的表型多样性较低。水稻地方品种群体内具有较高的遗传多样性，且在地方品种间表现出显著差异；AMOVA对水稻地方品种群体的遗传变异分析表明，有1/3的差异来源于群体内；RM333、RM257、RM180适合用于云南水稻地方品种群体内的遗传多样性检测。

英语. In this paper, we studied genetic diversity within rice landraces. The objective is to provide theoretical basis for protecting genetic integrity of rice landraces effectively. Using 11 pairs of SSR markers and 7 agronomic traits, Qitougu, Dabainuo, Xianggu, Jiuyuenuo, Jiegunuo, Lengshuigu, Huangbansuo and Maxiangu 8 rice landraces collected from Yunnan province were analyzed. Among 7 agronomic traits, coefficient of variation of panicle exsertion, panicles per plant and spikelets per panicle were higher, respectively ranging from 37.5% to 950.1%, 32.0% to 49.4% and 17.8% to 37.5%, while flag leaf width and plant height were lower, ranging from 8.2% to 13.7%, 4.5% to 14.3%, respectively. Among 8 rice landraces, the genetic diversity indexes (He) were significantly different, ranging from 0.108 3 to 0.534 2, with the average of 0.281 3. The number of alleles (Na) among rice landrace populations ranged from 27 to 55, with the average from 2.45 to 5.00. The percentage of rare alleles (genetic frequency less than 5%) was higher from 43.2% to 69.0％ except for Maxiangu (26.0%) among rice landrace populations. The percentage of variation among populations of rice landraces was 65.9%, while that within populations reached 34.1% using AMOVA.RM333, RM257 and RM180 had higher He and Na than others among 11 SSR markers. The average of He was 0.503 6, 0.413 9, 0.350 3, respectively, and the average of Na was 7.50, 5.63 and 4.50, respectively. Panicle exsertion, panicles per plant and spikelets per panicle which were high coefficient of variation had rich phenotypic diversity within rice landraces, while flag leaf width and plant height were low. Genetic diversity within rice landraces was significantly different; Rice landrace within populations was high genetic diversity and contains a wealth of variations; AMOVA showed that the one-third genetic differences among populations of rice landraces were from within the populations. RM333, RM257 and RM180 were suitable for the testing of genetic diversity within rice landraces of Yunnan using 11 SSR markers.