Continuous extraction of saponin and polysaccharide from momordica charantia l. and their inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase | 苦瓜皂苷和多糖的连续提取工艺及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

中国人. 目的建立超声-微波法连续提取苦瓜皂苷和多糖的优化工艺，并评价其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。方法采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化超声-微波法连续提取苦瓜中皂苷和多糖的工艺条件，采用4-硝基酚-2-D吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)法测定皂苷和多糖提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率。结果以含水质量分数13%的苦瓜干为原料，先提取皂苷后提取多糖的条件为，将其粉碎至200目后，以体积分数75%乙醇为溶剂，料液比 1s18，超声-微波协同萃取（50 W，20 kHz）16 min，在该条件下，皂苷提取率达2.51%。提取皂苷后的残渣，继续以水为溶剂，料液比1s14，pH 8.0，时间23 min，温度84℃，超声-微波协同萃取（50 W，20 kHz）20 min，多糖提取率达12.86%。苦瓜皂苷和多糖提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶均有不同程度的抑制作用，其IC50 分别为1.03 mg#8226;mL-1和10.73 mg#8226;mL-1，苦瓜皂苷的抑制效果显著强于多糖的（P＜0.05）。结论采用超声-微波协同作用连续提取苦瓜皂苷和多糖工艺，可有效利用原料、提高产出和效率，所得苦瓜皂苷和多糖提取物对α-糖苷酶均表现抑制作用，显示一定的降糖潜力。

英语. Objective The technical process and suitable conditions for continuous extraction of saponin and polysaccharide from Momordica charantia L. by ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction were established and to evaluate their inhibition effects on α-glucosidase Method Quadratic Regression Rotational Combinational Design was applied to optimize the extraction process of saponin and polysaccharide from Momordica charantia L. using continuous ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction method. The method with substrate 4-nitrophenol-2-?-D-glucopyranoside(PNPG) was used to measure the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of saponin and polysaccharide extract. Result The optimum conditions for saponin and polysaccharide extraction form Momordica charantia L. were as follows: the dried Momordica charantia L. with 13% of water content was grinded to pass a 200 μm sieve; the solvent was 75% enthanol and the ratio of material to solvent was 1:18; ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction for 16 min (the power of microwave was 50 W and the ultrasonic frequency was 20 kHz). Under this condition the extraction yield of saponin from Momordica charantia L. was 2.51%. The residue was further dissolved in water of pH 8.0 for extraction of polysaccharide, the ratio of material to solvent was 1:14; the ultrasonic-microwave synergetic extraction time was 23 min (the power of microwave was 50 W and the ultrasonic frequency was 20 kHz) at a temperature of 84℃. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Momordica charantia L. was 12.86%. Both of the extracts of saponin and polysaccharide from Momordica charantia L. showed an obvious inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with values of 1.03 and 10.73 mg#8226;mL-1, respectively.Conclusion The raw materials were utilized effectively and the extraction yield and efficiency were increased using a method of ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction. The extracted saponin and polysacchride from Momordica charantia L. showed an obvious inhibition effect on α-glucosidase with promising of blood sugar reducing potentials.