The genetic polymorphism of the swine leukocyte antigen complex (SLA) microsatellites in three breed miniature pigs and yunnan wild boar | 三品种小型猪与云南野猪白细胞抗原复合物(SLA)微卫星的遗传多样性

中国人. 为研究明光小耳猪、滇南小耳猪、巴马香猪遗传多样性以及命名，本研究利用猪白细胞抗原复合物(SLA)区域内18个微卫星，探讨了3品种小型猪和云南野猪(Sus scrofa silvianus)的观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、多态信息含量(PIC)等遗传参数；且从单倍型分型、聚类分析以及主成分分析进一步研究了其亲缘关系。结果表明，云南野猪多态性最高(PIC=0.694)，巴马香猪最低(PIC=0.585)，3品种小型猪均具有丰富的遗传多样性。在检测群体中SLAⅠ、Ⅱ区域分别有12种和14种单倍型，其中明光小耳猪、滇南小耳猪和云南野猪共享4个单倍型H1、H3、H4和H03，巴马香猪仅与明光小耳猪共享单倍型H2。通过系统聚类和主成分分析发现，明光小耳猪、滇南小耳猪与云南野猪亲缘关系较近，巴马香猪与之关系较远。研究结果提示，明光小耳猪和滇南小耳猪具有相似的遗传背景，明光小耳猪可能是滇南小耳猪的一个品系，这为解决同种异名问题提供了分子证明。

英语. To study the genetic polymorphism and nomenclature of Mingguang small-ear pig(MG), Diannan small-ear pig(DN) and Bama xiang pig(BM), the polymorphic parameters were calculated using eighteen microsatellites (MS) in swine leukocyte antigen complex (SLA). The genetic parameters, including the observed heterozygosity(Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and the polymorphism information content (PIC), were studied in three breed miniature pigs and Yunnan wild boar(YWB, Sus scrofa silvianus). The haplotypes, clustering and principal component (PC) analysis were further studied to elucidate the relationship in three breed miniature pigs. The results showed that the PIC of Yunnan wild boar was highest (0.694) versus Bama xiang pig was lowest(0.585), these breed miniature pigs were highly polymorphic. There were twelve and fourteen kinds of haplotypes in the regions of SLAⅠandⅡ, respectively. Four shared haplotypes were found among Mingguang small-ear pig, Diannan small-ear pig and Yunnan wild boar, only one haplotype was detected between Bama xiang pig and Mingguang small-ear pig. Comparison with Bama xiang pig, the relationship was close in Mingguang small-ear pig, Diannan small-ear pig and Yunnan wild boar by the clustering and PC analysis. These results suggest that Mingguang small-ear pig can belong to Diannan small-ear pig, because they are shared similar genetic background; this study gives us a molecular evidence for the synonym issue.