Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the highlands of Cameroon based on the detection of lesions in slaughtered cattle and tuberculin skin tests of live cattle
2012
Awah-Ndukum, J., University of Dschang (Cameroon). Dept. of Animal Sciences | Kudi, A.C., University of Plymouth (United Kingdom). School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences | Bradley, G., University of Plymouth (United Kingdom). School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences | Ane-Anyangwe, I., University of Buea (Cameroon). Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology | Titanji, V.P.K., University of Buea (Cameroon). Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology | Fon-Tebug, S., University of Dschang (Cameroon). Dept. of Animal Sciences | Tchoumboue, J., University of Dschang (Cameroon). Dept. of Animal Sciences
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (TB) and the magnitude and trend of tuberculous lesions in slaughtered cattle (1994 to 2010) as well as tuberculin skin tests (TST) in 2,853 cattle (84 herds) of 39 livestock rearing communities in the highlands of Cameroon. Out of 129,165 slaughtered cattle inspected, 599 (0.46%; 95% CI: 0.43%-0.50%) showed suspected tuberculous lesions among a total of 983 (0.76%; 95% CI: 0.71%-0.81%) identified pathologies. The monthly TB detection rates ranged from 0.30% (95% CI: 0.20%-0.40%) to 0.81% (95% CI: 0.64%-0.98%) and annual rates from 0.04% (95% CI: 0%-0.11%) to 1.46% (95% CI: 1.22%-1.69%). The rates were not affected by season and fluctuating peaks were also recorded. The comparative TST revealed that bovine TB was widely distributed in live cattle (4.67%; 95% CI: 3.89%-5.44%) and was significantly higher in the Western highlands than Adamawa plateaux. Comparative TST bovine TB reactors were higher (P less than 0.05) in cattle managed in semi-intensive and beef production systems compared to the others. Animals in small herds showed signif. higher rates than those in large herds. Bovine TB prevalence in exotic/upgraded cattle was comparable to that of the Red Bororo zebu but signif. higher than the rates in Guadali and White Fulani zebus. Among the indigenous zebus, the rate was signif. higher in Red Bororo than the Guadali and White Fulani. Sex did not influence bovine TB prevalence in this study but diagnosis of the disease was signif. higher among adult/older cattle than in younger animals. Further analysis of the TST responses revealed that atypical mycobacterial infections was widespread and 6.83% of tested animals showed positive reactions at both bovine and avian tuberculin injection sites and a strong association between skin responses to both tuberculins. Our study confirms that bovine TB is prevalent in live cattle and abattoirs in Cameroon.
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