Genetic resources conservation and utilization of cacao in the Philippines
2006
Cena, R.L. | Cabangbang, R.P. | Alcala E.A., Southern Mindanao Univ., Kabacan, 9407 Cotabato (Philippines). Plantation Crops Network
Conservation of these genetic resources of cacao is of major economic importance in the Philippines, particularly in view of lack of high yielding and disease resistance cacao clones/varieties. In 1978, the Philippines started its genetic conservation project at UPLB which was duplicated in different areas of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. At USM 88 accessions were maintained in the gene bank and additional 77 of criollo related clones were added to the collections in the gene bank. Each accession was characterized based on morphological descriptors and 45 clones were used in the study for analysis using morphological and isozyme markers. Six enzyme systems (ACP, IDH, MDH, PER, ADH, and EST) showed good to excellent band resolution. Three diversity groups were established for morphological analysis and 11 groups for isozyme analysis. Field performance evaluation conducted by TRRC identified SCA-12 and UF-650 as the highest yielder with 2.580 and 2.286 tons/ha, respectively, while hybrids introduced from Malaysia gave yield ranging from 0.664 to 1.251 tons/ha at USM, BR-25, UIT 1, ICS 40 DR, and P7 were found promising while farmers selection K1, K2, UF-18, and S5 gave consistentlygood yield in their plantation. These clones were submitted to the National Seed Indistry Council (NSIC) for registration and approved for commercial release in 2001 and 2003. Budwood/scion grove were established in 18 different sites throughout the country and served as source of scion for nursery owners and propagators for the massive expansion of cacao plantation in the Philippines.
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