Importancia de Septoria tritici en Chile y progresos en los trabajos realizados.
1990
Andrade V O.
Starting in 1983/84 wheat area and yields have risen significantly, and the last harvest satisfied the domestic demand completely. Epidemic levels of some intensity have been reported for Septoria tritici since 1975, and economic losses are likely. The importance of this disease varies considerably between and within each of the wheat-producing areas, with high infection levels especially in parts of the central or south central coast and in the coast and central valley of the southern region. The factor common to these hot spots is early planting of intermediate and early varieties. In 1985, the sexual state of S. tritici (M. graminicola) was found on infected wheat residue in the south central region (Chillan) in late summer (R. Madariaga, 1985). Conditions in Chile's southern region are ideal for disease development due to moderate temperatures and high rainfall. In 1978-79, yield losses increased to an average of more than 30(%), and planting date and damage caused by S. tritici were found to be directly related (L. Gilchrist). Since 1983, damage caused by this fungus has been slight, a factor that coincides with lower springtime rainfall levels in the region. Studies on chemical control of septoria have shown fungicides Carbendazim + Maneb and triadimefon (L. Gilchrist, 1980) and Propiconazole, HWG 1608, Flutriafol and Prochloram (O. Andrade) to give good control. Optimum fungicide application times have also been determined.
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