Principles of integrated use of chemicals in grain storage in the humid tropics.
1986
Bengston M.
Strategies for using chemicals in stored grain pest control in the humid tropics are reviewed. As in other parts of the world, good storage practices are necessary for good pest control, and chemicals should be used only after attention has been given to the basic factors of grain hygiene, reduction in grain moisture and temperature, and minimization of storage period, although the humid tropical environment poses obvious constraints. The use of chemicals must be integrated into the storage system. Insect populations at the start of storage are reduced by grain hygiene measures in empty storage, by segregation of stocks, by fumigation of infested containers such as bags, and by application of residual fabric treatments. Inspection systems are required to ensure infested grain is not placed in storage without disinfestation. Insecticides are commonly applied to the surface of bag stacks and experiments are envisaged on the incorporation of insecticide into the bag fabric. The concept of combining fumigation with an insecticide barrier on the periphery of bag stacks also warrants further consideration. Bulk storage provides the opportunity for use of grain protectants with application rates adjusted for grain temperature, grain moisture, and storage interval. The interaction of high moisture levels with the efficacy of chemical treatments requires further study. Infestations which develop in storage are best fumigated, or else restricted with grain protectant, taking appropriate care in regard to maximum residue limits.
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