Kenngroessen der thermischen Gegenstromvergasung von Weizenstroh und ausgewaehlten Holzbrennstoffen.
1984
Schulze Lammers P.
One process to convert regenerative energy sources into mechanical energy is the gasification of dry biomass. Through gasification, vegetable residues can be converted into a fuel, which is suitable for combustion engines. In a pilot plant employing an updraft gasifier, the suitability of straw and various kinds of wood residues were tested. The combustion engine had a mechanical performance of 130 kW driving an electric generator with a rating of 125 kW(el). The results of the tests show that 1 kg fuel generates between 0,6 and 0,9 kWh electricity at full performance of the combustion engine. The highest efficiency was found for the residue fuel with the highest water content (bark 55 %). Other fuels tested were sawdust with ca. 15 % and 30 % moisture contents and straw in chopped and compacted form as briquettes and pellets. The efficiency of the gasifier varied between 30 and 80 %. The main loss is due to unconverted carbon. Only 47 to 58 % of the carbon in the solid fuel is converted into carbon of the gaseous product. The heat losses of the gasifier surface and the heat content of the generated gas are below 15 %. The main problem in practical applications of the gasification process is the liquid by-product which precipitates out when cooling the gas. The main components of the condensate apart from water are organic acids and phenols. They require a careful treatment. Burning the condensate, aerobic treatment in a fermentation process or cracking the impurities in a hot zone. The main advantage of the process is the ability to gasify a wide variety of solid fuels such as sawdust, bark and straw with different sizes and moisture contents. The disadvantage is that presently there is no economical method of disposing the condensate.
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