Certified reference materials for the quality control of total and extractable trace element determinations in soils and sludges.
1996
Quevauviller P.
Trace element determinations in soils and sludges used for soil amendments are currently performed by a number of laboratories for many purposes, such as environmental monitoring, assessment of bioavailable metal fractions (and related toxic effects to plants), and/or of fractions accessible to the environment (e.g. contamination of ground waters). Whereas the results of soil monitoring are often based on the determinations of total trace element contents, studies of plant bioavailability and environmental risk assessment generally involve the use of operationally-defined procedures (in most cases single extractions). The comparability of the data produced worldwide implies that the accuracy should be verified and controlled by using Certified Reference Materials (CRMs). In terms of extractable trace element determinations, another prerequisite to achieve comparability is that the single extraction procedures should be harmonized and possibly standardized. This paper presents general aspects of CRM preparation for quality control of soil and sludge analysis carried out within the Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR). Examples deal with certification of total and aqua regia trace element contents in three soil and sludge samples (calcareous soil, domestic sewage sludge, and mainly industrial sewage sludge), and with certification of terra rossa- and sewage sludge-amended soils for their EDTA- and acetic acid-extractable trace element contents.
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