The recent studies on Babesia gibsoni infections in dogs: Special emphasis on an epidemiological study in California, U. S. A.
1995
Yamane I.
Babesia gibsoni (B. gibsoni) is a tick-transmitted protozoan parasite of wild and domestic canids Asia, Africa, Europe, the Middle East and North America. Developments of B. gibsoni occur both in vertebrae hosts and ticks. The most commonly observed clinical signs and pathological changes in naturally-infected dogs are anemia, pyrexia, anorexia, lethargy, splenomegaly and glomeronephritis. Both cell mediated and humoral immunity are induced against B. gibsoni infection. Morphological, biochemical and functional studies of B. gibsoni, using in vitro cultures, have been reported in Japan. Diagnosis of B. gibsoni infections is based on the examination of Romanowski stained thin blood smears for intraerythrocytic parasites and/or serodiagnosis, most often using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Various drugs have been employed to treat B. gibsoni infections, of which diminazene aceturate, phenamidine isethionate, pentamidine isethionate and parvaquone seemed to be most efficacious. Prevention and control of B. gibsoni infection is based on early diagnosis, effective treatment and adequate tick control. There have been more than 15 natural B. gibsoni infections reported in California since 1991. An epidemiological survey conducted in California suggested that southern part of California has higher risk of B. gibsoni infection compare to northern part because of the higher seroprevalence and tick infestation.
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