Erworbene Toxizitaet bei der Lupinenblattlaus Macrosiphum albifrons und ihr Einfluss auf die aphidophagen Praedatoren Coccinella septempunctata, Episyrphus balteatus und Chrysoperla carnea.
1991
Emrich B.H.
Larvae of coccinellids, fed exclusively with lupin aphids from bitter (alkaloid-rich) lupin cultivars died after an average of 3 days, except those fed with aphids from Lupinus luteus. The variants fed with aphids from sweet lupins (alkaloid-poor), such as Lupinus albus, showed some retardation of their development but in one case even faster development (L. luteus) compared to the control variant. Larvae of syrphids and chrysopids were less sensitive to lupin alkaloids than those of coccinellids not only concerning their development but also regarding mortality. Some larvae developed to the adult stage. It is suggested that lupanine or 13-OH-lupanine, the main alkaloids in L. albus, L. angustifolius and L. mutabilis, were responsible for the retardation of development as well as for the mortality of the predators. On the other hand, sparteine, the main alkaloid of L. luteus, seems to have no negative effect on the larval development of the predators. To study the influence of lupin aphids, Macrosiphum albifrons, as prey of natural enemies, some investigations using Coccinella septempunctata L., Episyrphus balteatus (Deg.) and Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) were conducted. The duration of the larval development and the mortality were registerd. Control insects were fed with pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, reared on broad bean plants (Vicia faba). In seven variants (seven cultivars of four lupin species) M. albifrons from L. albus, L. angustifolius, L. luteus and L. mutabilis as host plants with different alkaloid content and composition ("sweet" and "bitter" varieties) were offered to the predators.
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