Biological aspects study of the ectoparasitoid Hemiptansenus varicornis (Girault) (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) on leafminer, Liriomyza sativae blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
2008
Susila, W. | Sumiartha, K. | Okajima, S., Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture, Tokyo (Japan) | Budiarn, S.M., Udayana Univ. Jl PB, Dudirman, Denpasar, Bali (Indonesia)
A plastic house experiment was conducted in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia from May to October 2005 in order to know the biological aspect of the extoparasitoid Hemiptarsenus varicornis. The result indicated that life cycle of the H. varicornis was eight to nine days with egg stage of less than one day, larva stage less than two days and pupa stage less than six days. The egg was transparent, oval in shape, and measured 0.32 plus or minus 0.02 mm in length and 0.09 plus or minus 0.007 mm in width (n=14). At this time, the number of larval instars was not determined. Instead of larval instars, the larvae were categorized into young larva (less than 24 hours) and mature larva (more than 24 hours). Young larvae measured 0.41 plus or minus 0.01 mm in length and 0.12 plus or minus 0.1 mm in width (n=14), mature larva measured 1.15 plus or minus 0.30 mm in length and 0.29 plus or minus 0.07 mm in width (n=14). The female longevity 31.57 plus or minus 12.4 days while the male 2.50 plus or minus 0.89 days. During its whole lifetime, the female produced 211.36 eggs, and averagely produced 6.68 eggs per day. The female measured 1.37 plus or minus 0.21 mm in length with wing span 2.33 plus or minus 0.27 mm and the male measured 1.11 plus or minus 0.21 mm in length with wing span 1.87 plus or minus 0.08 mm. Sex ratio of the offspring (% females/total) was 57.92% (n=10). The female deposited their eggs near or on a host larva after paralyzing them permanently. The female paralyzed their host larva not only as host but also for host feeding. Mostly (757 host larvae) were paralyzed permanently but only 206 larvae (27.21%) were used as host.
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