Effects of irrigation intervals, nitrogen rate and splitting on essence yield of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
2009
Mirshekari, B. | Darbandi, S.
German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is a very important medicinal plant. In order to study the effect of irrigation intervals and nitrogen on the yield and essential oil content of German chamomile, split plot factorial experiments were established in the University of Tabriz, Iran. Treatments were irrigation intervals (Isub1=6; Isub2=12; Isub3=18 days), nitrogen rate (Nsub1=23; Nsub2=46; Nsub3=70 kg/ha) and nitrogen splitting (Tsub1=100% at planting time stem elongation and early flowering stages, respectively). The highest heads per plant observed in Isub2Tsub2, but reduced 53%, when irrigation intervals increased up to 18 days and total amount of nitrogen was applied at planting or at planting (25%), stem elongation (50%) and early flowering (25%) stages. Equally application of nitrogen at planting and stem elongation stages increased dry flower yield up to 351 kg/ha. Flower essence increasing value in Isub2Nsub2 was calculated 75%, in comparison with three limited irrigation treatments. Essence yield ranged from 1.56 /ha up to 3.63 1/ha. Addition of nitrogen from 23 to 46 kg/ha increased essential oil yield from 2.3 to 2.9 /ha. Nitrogen splitting had significant effect on essence yield. Irrigation interval of 12 days and equal application of 46 kg nitrogen/ha at planting and stem elongation stages of German chamomile would insure higher essential oil yield.
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