Differentiating the true endocrine alopecias in the adult dog [and cat] | Razlikovanje pravih endokrinih alopecija kod pasa i mačaka
2011
Koutinas, A.F., Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Salonika (Greece). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | Koutinas, Ch.K., Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Salonika (Greece). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Hair loss resulting from the direct effect the relevant hormones may exert on the hair bulbs is frequently seen in the true endocrine dermatoses of the dog, notably hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism and hyperestrogenism. These alopecias, which are actually due to an abnormality of the hair cycle, resemble clinically alopecia X and seasonal flank alopecia as well as some dysplastic and breed-related alopecias. However, there are some distinguished cutaneous features, such as myxedema of the face and calcinosis cutis plus a thin and inelastic skin that can differentiate hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism, respectively, from the other alopecias. The same hold true for the linear preputial erythema of the male hyperestrogenism secondary to sertoliomas. However, some non-cutaneous clinical signs such as termophilia, mental dullness and inactivity (hypothyroidism), polydypsia-polyuria and polyphagia, plus pendulous abdomen with hepatomegaly (hyperadrenocorticism) or nipple and/or testicular enlargement, swollen vulva, pendulous prepuce, feminization syndrome and nymphomania can also add to the differentiation. Apart from the basic bloodwork, urinalysis and imaging, it is the specific for hypothyroidism (total T4, free T4, cTSH, TSH stimulation test) or hyperadrenocorticism (ACTH stimulation test, low dexamethasone suppression test, abdominal ultrasound) endocrine testing, along with the historical and clinical data that may lead to a definitive diagnosis.
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