Ethiopia - Issues and options in the energy sector
Belot, Therese J. | Weigel, Dale R.
Ethiopia has one of the lowest levels of per capita energy consumption in the world. More than 90 percent of this energy is derived from biomass fuels and is almost entirely used in household cooking. As a result, massive deforestation and soil erosion now threatens an otherwise fertile agricultural base. In addition to major aforestation, Ethiopia's hydropower resources and small reserves of natural gas should be developed. This report presents a strategy for greatly augmenting the supply of household fuels through reforestation, through the production of new biomass fuels, and through cooking fuel demand management. Measures are recommended which will help define the most economic means of exploiting hydropower and natural gas, and which will lead to a better understanding of the economic potential of other prospective energy resources. In addition, measures are outlined to enhance the efficient use of expensive electricity and imported petroleum. Recommendations also are made on energy pricing and on strengthening institutional and manpower capabilities to implement the required investment program.
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