Agricultural knowledge systems in the transitioning economies : a survey of World Bank experiences
Srivastava, Jitendra P. | Reinhard, Christina
The paper makes a preliminary assessment of the Bank's involvement with agricultural knowledge systems in the East and Central Asia (ECA) Region and in each country specifically, and treats agricultural research and extension as components of these systems. Where information is available, it has been presented in a country profile. While conditions vary in each country, agricultural knowledge systems in ECA countries have the following general characteristics: emphasis on basic science over applied research, emphasis on output quotas over efficient production, large production units, high quality of scientists and research, lack of 'client orientation,' professional isolation, public-sector dominance, financial unsustainability, and crisis management. In Group I countries, the Bank has provided support to new private agricultural enterprises to assist them in qualifying for Bank subloans. In Group II countries, the Bank provides institution building support for agriculture ministries and academics responsible for providing public sector support services. In Group III countries, the Bank is concentrating on policy and structural adjustments, irrigation, and other broad areas, and will explore the research, education, and extension needs of the countries. In Group IV countries, the Bank provides supports to strengthen public and private capabilities in extension.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]