Environmental Effects from In-Water Hull Cleaning of Ablative Copper Antifouling Coatings
2006
Valkirs, A. O. | Davidson, B. M. | Kear, L. L. | Fransham, R. L. | Zirino, A. R. | Grovhoug, J. G.
This field study evaluates the magnitude of environmental effects attributable to in-water hull cleaning operations in a typical Navy harbor. San Diego Bay was selected for detailed analyses of vessels coated with copper-based antifouling paint. This evaluation can be used to support discussions with environmental regulators, strengthen future compliance strategies, and provide a framework for future monitoring studies. Antifouling coating, Ablative copper, Hull husbandry, Marine biology, Hazardous waste.
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