Morphological variations of Channa maculata,Channa argus and their hybrid（C.maculata♀×C.argus♂） | 斑鳢、乌鳢及其杂交种形态差异分析

中国人. 摘　　要：运用形态学和框架分析法对斑鳢（♀）、乌鳢（♂）及其杂交种的形态差异和判别进行了分析。在体色方面,头顶部、体侧及尾鳍基部,斑鳢与乌鳢的体色斑纹差异明显,杂交鳢偏向于斑鳢。在11项可数性状中,三者腹鳍一致,杂交鳢胸鳍超父本偏离,其他可数性状介于两者之间,平均杂交指数为53.45。对可数性状卡方检验结果表明：斑鳢与乌鳢除胸鳍无差异外,均达差异显著或极显著;杂交鳢与乌鳢在尾鳍、鳃耙、侧线鳞和侧线下鳞无差异,其他则差异极显著;杂交鳢与斑鳢除尾鳍和鳃耙无差异外,其他差异显著或极显著。可数性状中背鳍条数、侧线鳞和侧线上鳞可作为初步判断三者所属的指标。对10项可量性状参数计算的杂交指数显示,杂交鳢可量性状偏父本（乌鳢）遗传,其平均杂交指数为73.90。可量性状数据和框架数据的聚类分析、判别分析和主成分分析显示,三者形态差异明显,杂交鳢在体型上偏向于乌鳢。判别分析建立的判别公式可以有效区分三者,判别准确率达100%。

英语. The morphological variations and discriminant methods of Channa argus（♂）,C.maculata（♀） and their hybrid were studied using traditional morphometrics and the truss network analysis.Body color of C.argus,C.maculata and their hybrid were observed.The results showed significant differences between C.argus and C.maculata from stripe at top of head,side and base of caudal fin,and the hybrid resembled C.maculata from body color.Among eleven meristic characters,the numbers of soft ray of pelvic fin were consistent in these three species,and the numbers of soft ray of pectoral fin deviated from its male parent＇s species.The other meristic characters were within the range of its parent＇s,the average hybrid index was calculated to be 53.45.The chi-square analysis of meristic characters showed that：there were significant differences（P〈0.05） or greater significant differences（P〈0.01） between C.argus and C.maculata except the number of pectoral fin rays;greater significant differences（P〈0.01） between C.argus and the hybrid except the number of tail fin rays,gill rakers,lateral line scales and scales below lateral line;and significant differences（P〈0.05） or greater significant differences（P〈0.01） between C.maculata and the hybrid except the number of tail fin rays and gill rakers.Among meristic characters,the number of dorsal fin rays,lateral line scales and scales above lateral line can be used as preliminary indicators to determine the three species.Among ten measurable characters,the average hybrid index was calculated to be 73.90,indicating the measurable character inclined to its male parent＇s species（C.argus）.Cluster analysis,discriminant analysis and principal component analysis were applied to the measurable character data and the truss network data.The results indicated that the hybrid resembled C.argus from body shape,and there were greater morphological differences among C.argus,C.maculata and their hybrid.Differences between them involved the entire body.Three species could be distinguished by using the 3 formulae established with discriminant analysis which the discrimination accuracy was 100.0%.