Analysis of phenophase characteristics and yield factors of Allium obliquum L. | 高葶韭物候特征及产量构成因素分析

英语. Allium obliquum L. is only distributed in Xinjiang, China, and it is one of the wild allium vegetables. The phenophase characteristics and yield factors of A. obliquum L. were detected to provide basic theory for domestic cultivation. Based on adjusting and improving the method of phenology and descriptor establishment, phenophases characteristics of A. obliquum L. were observed from March to September each year from 2007 to 2009; relevant factors of yield (leaf number, pseudostem diameter, plant height and breath) were recorded and the correlations of them were analyzed. The results showed that A. obliquum L. sprouted in mid until late-March, bolted in mid-April, bloomed in mid-May and fruits ripened in late-June. The annual growth period was about 180 days. There was no second growth phenomenon in the same growth season. When it was in reproductive period, the leaf number, pseudostem diameter and plant height were 9.7, 1.331 cm and 42.0 cm, respectively, the highest value in its annual life span. The plant breath was 28.53 cm. The foliage was the main yield factor. For juvenile plant, there were significant positive correlations between the height and the leaf number, and between the pseudostem diameter and leaf number. For the adult plant, the height was affected by the diameter of the pseudostem significantly, but there were not significant positive correlations between the height and leaf number and between the pseudostem diameter and the leaf number. The important phenophase characteristics of A. obliquum L. is perennial herb and it enters dormancy phase to evade the summer. After seedling vernalization and under a long-light photoperiod, plants enter reproductive growth. For postponing the harvesting period and gaining the maximum economic yield, focuse should be on the plant management in the field when the plant is under the leaf vegetative growth (25-34 d).

中国人. 观测国内仅分布于新疆的高葶韭的物候特征及其产量构成因素，为高葶韭的进一步引种驯化提供理论依据。参考相关研究资料，调整和完善了葱属植物物候期的观测标准，并将其应用于高葶韭的物候观测中，于2007-2009年每年的3-9月观测记录高葶韭的物候期；此外，还观测了与高葶韭产量相关的4个指标（植株叶片数、假茎粗、株高及株幅），并分析了他们之间的相关性。高葶韭每年3月中下旬萌动，4 月上中旬抽薹，5 月中旬始花，6 月下旬果实成熟；年生长周期平均为180 d 左右；同年高葶韭无二次生长。叶是高葶韭的主要食用器官，单株叶片数、假茎粗和株高在植株进入生殖生长时达最大值，分别是9.7，1.331 cm和42.0 cm，最大株幅为28.53 cm；童期植株的株高、假茎粗均与叶片数呈极显著正相关；成年期植株的株高与假茎粗呈极显著正相关，二者与叶片数均呈正相关，但相关性不显著。探明了高葶韭的物候特性，其以休眠方式越夏，为绿体春化型、于长日照下开花的多年生草本植物；在叶的营养生长期（25~34 d）应加强管理，以延长营养生长期，从而获得最大限度的经济产量。