Studies on active substance contents and variation laws in seeds for the selected seabuckthorn hybrids from H. rhamnoides subsp. Mongolica×H．rhamnoides subsp. Sinensis | 沙棘亚种间杂交子代优良单株种子活性物质的比较

中国人. 分析沙棘不同优良杂种种子中主要生物活性物质的含量及其变化规律，为医疗和保健专用优良沙棘杂种的选育提供基础依据。基于生长与结实性状，从蒙古沙棘与中国沙棘杂交子代中选育出43个杂种优良单株，对其种子中VE、黄酮、脂肪酸等重要生物活性物质含量进行比较。沙棘杂交子代优株种子中的VE、黄酮、粗脂肪、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量均具有较大幅度的变化，分别变化于2.94~16.42 mg/hg、82.37~381.48 mg/hg、4.03~9.59 g/hg、3.15%~39.28%、0.43%~14.72%、3.16~24.43%、4.57%~73.32%、2.53%~44.66%；沙棘杂种种子的黄酮组分主要以槲皮素和山奈酚为主，异鼠李素的含量较少，3个组分的含量均随总黄酮含量的增加而明显增大；不饱和脂肪酸油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量均随着饱和脂肪酸棕榈酸含量的上升而不同程度的下降，而油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸3个不饱和脂肪酸含量之间呈明显的正相关关系。沙棘杂种子代中，部分单株种子的VE、黄酮或脂肪酸含量高于母本或双亲，超亲现象明显；筛选出了种子中油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量均在80%以上8个杂种单株，其属于高不饱和脂肪酸杂种。

英语. Active substance contents and variation laws in seeds for the selected seabuckthorn hybrids were analyzed to provide theoretical basis for selecting good seabuckthorn hybrids with medical and healthy values. The active substance VE, flavonoids, fatty acid in seeds of forty-three hybrid individual trees, selected from H. rhamnoides subsp. Mongolica×H．rhamnoides subsp. Sinensis based on growth and fruit properties, were analyzed. The contents of VE, flavonoids, crude fat, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid in seeds of seabuckthorn hybrids all had obvious variation, the change ranged respectively at 2.94-16.42 mg/hg, 82.37-381.48 mg/hg, 4.03-9.59 g/hg, 3.15%-39.28%, 0.43%-14.72%, 3.16%-24.43%, 4.57%-73.32% and 2.53%-44.66%, which provided theoretical and substantial basis for the selection of high VE, high-flavonoid or high-fatty acid hybrid clones. The main ingredients of flavonoids in seeds of seabuckthorn hybrids were quercetin and kaempferol, the content of isorhamnetin was relatively low, and the contents of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin all increased with the increase of total flavonoids contents.For unsaturated fatty acids, the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid decreased with the increase of palmitic acid, and three unsaturated fatty acids had obviously positive correlationship. The contents of VE, flavonoids or fatty acid of some hybrids were higher than that of their female parents or two parents, eight hybrid individuals were selected because the total contents of their oleic acids, linoleic acids and linolenic acids were beyond 80%.