SSR Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Temporal Trends of the Core Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) Parent Funo and Its Derivative Varieties (Lines) | 利用SSR标记分析小麦骨干亲本阿夫及衍生品种(系)的遗传多样性和变化趋势

中国人. 阿夫(Funo)是1956年从国外引进的小麦品种，具有穗大粒多、高抗条锈病、适应性强等特点，是我国麦区进行小麦品种改良的骨干亲本。为探讨小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)骨干亲本阿夫衍生品种(系)间的遗传多样性及变化趋势，从304对引物中筛选出稳定、清晰，有阿夫特异条带的分布于小麦各染色体上的29对SSR引物，对阿夫及衍生品种(系)共200份材料进行了分析。共检测出197个等位变异，每个SSR引物的等位变异范围为3~15个，平均7.41个，其中分布频率低于5%的等位变异数占14.21%，等位位点数在阿夫及衍生品种(系)中有逐代下降的趋势；多态性信息指数(PIC)为0.5499~0.9082，平均为0.7763，PIC在阿夫及衍生品种(系)中有较高含量。3个基因组的SSR位点平均等位变异丰富度分别为7.14、7.73和7.00(B＞A＞D)，平均遗传多样性指数则为0.7687、0.7763和0.7517(B＞A＞D)，B基因组的遗传多样性最丰富。7个部分同源群的平均等位变异丰富度从高到低依次为：第6群＞第2群=第4群＞第1群=第3群＞第7群＞第5群；平均遗传多样性指数从高到低依次为：第2群＞第7群＞第6群＞第4群＞第1群＞第3群＞第5群。结合上述2个指标分析，第5部分同源群多样性最低。SSR标记Xgwm268、Xgwm400、Xwmc398、Xwmc125、Xwmc817、Xgwm272和Xgwm383的阿夫特异带型在其衍生品种(系)出现的频率较高，但在不同基因组和染色体间的遗传贡献率存在差异。200份材料间的遗传相似性系数(Gs)在0.4162~0.9442之间，平均为0.6619。从子一代到子四代各衍生世代的Gs变幅逐渐缩小，品种间的遗传相似性呈逐渐上升趋势。非加权平均法(UPGMA)聚类结果表明，在Gs 0.624处，供试材料被聚为5个主要类群，其中180(90.0%)份材料被聚在同一类群类，说明阿夫衍生品种(系)之间的遗传差异较小，遗传基础较狭窄。研究结果从分子水平揭示了小麦骨干亲本阿夫衍生品种(系)的遗传多样性和演变规律，鉴定出7个在衍生后代遗传率较高的染色体位点，为进一步解析骨干亲本阿夫的遗传基础提供了参考依据。

英语. In order to evaluate theirs genetic diversity and temporal trends, 200 accessions, including the core wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) parent Funo and its derivative varieties (lines), were analyzed using 29 informative markers selected from 304 SSR markers. A total of 197 alleles were detected and the alleles with frequency lower than 5% accounted for 14.21%. The scale of the number of alleles was from 3 to 15 with an average of 7.41 per SSR marker. The number of alleles declined trend among Funo and its derivative varieties (lines). The polymorphism information content (PIC) value varied from 0.5499 to 0.9082 with an average of 0.7763 and was high in the tested materials. In the three genomes of wheat, the average genetic richness were 7.14, 7.73, and 7.00 (Genome B＞A＞D), respectively, and the genetic diversity indices were 0.7687, 0.7763 and 0.7517 (Genome B＞A＞D), respectively. The genetic diversity of B genome was the most abundant. Among the seven homoeologous groups, the average genetic richness were group 6＞2=4＞1=3＞7＞5, and the genetic diversity indexes were group 2＞7＞6＞4＞1＞3＞5, and therefore group 5 possessed the lowest genetic diversity. Funo specific bands of SSR markers Xgwm268, Xgwm400, Xwmc398, Xwmc125, Xwmc817, Xgwm272 and Xgwm383 were with the higher inheritable rates among the tested materials, but their contribution ratio differed among the different genomes and chromosomes. The similarity coefficient of the 200 materials varied from 0.4162 to 0.9442 with an average of 0.6619. The ranges of similarity coefficient were becoming narrower and narrower from the first generation to the forth generation, and the genetic similarity coefficient of Funo's pedigree had the tendency of increasing with time slightly. UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) cluster analysis revealed that all the materials could be divided into five categories in the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.624, of which 180 (90.0%) species were clustered in the same class. The genetic basis of Funo derivative varieties(lines) was very narrow, and the genetic diversity was poor. The above results demonstrated that the genetic diversity and temporal trends of Funo and its derivative varieties (lines) implicated in the molecular level, and 7 SSR markers with the higher inheritable rates were detected, and thus this may useful to study the genetic basis of Funo.