Establishment of SSR Fingerprint Map and Analysis of Genetic Similarity among the japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) of Henan | 河南粳稻品种SSR指纹图谱的构建及遗传差异分析

中国人. 为了建立河南粳稻品种的DNA指纹图谱，了解河南粳稻种植品种的遗传多样性，本研究利用均匀分布于水稻(Oryza sativa L.)12条染色体的37对SSR引物，以河南1963~2010年间主要推广种植的37个粳稻(O. sativa L. ssp. japonica)品种为材料，进行简单序列重复(SSR)指纹图谱构建和遗传多样性分析。结果表明，33对引物具有特异多态性片段，共检测到114个等位基因，平均每位点3.53个等位基因；引物多态性频率为0.054~0.739。37个品种的遗传相似系数为0.627~0.992，平均为0.812。17个品种都至少具有1对SSR特征引物，其余20个品种的鉴定需要结合不同的SSR引物。利用19对核心SSR引物构建的指纹图谱能逐一区分出36个粳稻品种。采用非加权类平均法(UPGMA)进行聚类分析，在遗传相似系数0.710处可将37个品种分为2大类，河南选育品种基本都聚到同一大类群，表明河南推广的粳稻品种遗传基础狭窄。

英语. The study was conducted to establish the DNA fingerprints and throw light on the genetic diversity of the japonica rice(Oryza sativa L.) in Henan Province. The simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprints map and genetic diversity of 37 major cultivars in Henan during 1963~2010 were studied by 37 pairs of primers equally distributed on 12 chromosomes of rice. Thirty-three SSR primers showed polymorphism among 37 varieties, and 114 polymorphic bands were detected, with an average of 3.53 bands per pair of primers. The frequency of polymorphism of the primers ranged from 0.054 to 0.739. The range of genetic similarity coefficient of the 37 varieties was from 0.627 to 0.992, with the average of 0.812. Seventeen cultivars could be identified by their single characteristic SSR marker, while the other 20 varieties could be identified by combination of different primers. Nineteen pairs of core primers were used to construct the SSR fingerprint map, and all the 36 varieties could be identified using the fingerprint map. Un-weighted pair-group of arithmetic mean(UPGMA) cluster analysis indicated that 37 varieties were clustered into two groups at the level of genetic similarity coefficient 0.710. Most of the breeding varieties of Henan were classified into the same group. It is demonstrate that the genetic basis of the japonica rice in Henan is narrow.