Hazard evaluation of some novel pesticides against non-target organism
2011
Hamaad, M.A.A.M.
ABSTRACT ! Maher Abdel-Aleem Mohamed Hamaad: Hazard valuation of some novel pesticides against non-target organisms. Unpublished Ph.D.Ii Thesis, De~art~ent of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniVersity, 2011 The aim of the present study is to propose a hazard evaluation model which can be used as a tool for management handling and use of pesticides. To get the required data for establishing the model, serial of experiments weredesigned and carried out for two insecticides, i.e. chlorpyrifos as aconventional chemical insecticide and abamectin as a novel insecticide. The experiments with the two tested insecticides included: determination of toxicity data (LDso, LOEL and NOEL) against rats and test biochemical and histopathological effects of against rats; Assessment the phytotoxic effects against Vicia faba ; Genotoxicity assessment against insect model(Drosophilla melanogaster), mammalian model, (Experimental rats) and plant model (allium cepa); Toxicity measurement against non-target organisms honey bees (Adult Apis melifra) and hymenopteran egg parasitoid (Trichogramma evanesces); the environmental fate on (plants leaves surfaces) and in (water and bacteria Pseudomonas .fluorescence. liquid media). The obtained results was applied using the proposed model. The hazard evaluation model was established depending on Score System Index (SSI) values of toxic parameters. The (SSI) building on 50% of scores for pest and 50% for non- target organisms to achieve the environmental balance. The 50% which belong non targetpests divided into ten parameters with 1-5 scores. The total scores of each insecticide used to classify hazard in five categories. Considerin~. the obtained data of the previous assessments for the two tested insecticides, the recorded scores showed that abamectin (SSI) =13/50 in second category (Low hazard) while chlorpyrifos (SSI) =25/50 in third category (Moderately hazard).
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