Physiological studies on purple and white flowers varieties of milk thistle Silybum marianum L. plant
2011
Abdel Halim, D.A.H.M.
This study was conducted to study the effect of gamma radiation at five doses 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 Kr. on seed germination, growth parameters, yields, some chemical compositions active constituent (silymarin) content and SDS-protein Electrophoresis of seeds of two milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) varieties: marianum marianum (with purple flower) and marianum albiflora (with white flower). Also, comparison between in vitro plant regeneration and other planted directly in the open field in silymarin production. This work was carried out during the period from 2006 to 2009 at Biotechnology Department, tissue culture Department and Farm of Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants (ARCMP) affiliated to the National Organization for Drug Control And Research (NODCAR). The most important results could be summarized as follow: Exposing seeds of milk thistle with purple flower to gamma rays at dose 5 Kr. while 7.5 Kr. on milk thistle with white flower gave the optimum significant increase on growth parameters (number of leaves per plant, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots), yield ,the major macro elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), total carbohydrates and active constituent (silymarin) content of seeds. The results cleared that, the plants resulting from direct culturing in the open field gave the highest total silymarin production compared with the plants resulting from tissue culture at all doses. SDS-protein electrophoresis of two varieties of milk thistle after irradiating seeds with gamma rays showed disappearance of some bands and appearance new bands can be explained as the result DNA structural changes due to gamma ray irradiation.
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