Globalisation and the international governance of modern biotechnology: the international regulation of modern biotechnology
2003
R. Mackenzie
This paper discusses the issues surrounding the international governance and regulation of modern biotechnology.Principal conclusions of the paper include:the disciplines imposed by the relevant WTO Agreements underpin and shape the biotech regulation debate both internationally and nationallythere remains a degree of uncertainty and unpredictability regarding the scope for countries to take into account socio-economic considerations in decision-making on imports of GMOsGMO regulations can render developing countries vulnerable to additional pressure from powerful trading partners, and give rise to the ‘chilling effect’ of the WTO on domestic regulation that has been observed by a number of commentatorsthe concerns about the power of the WTO dispute settlement system arise in part as a result of the relative weakness of corresponding mechanisms in international environmental agreements including the Protocol. Dispute settlement mechanismsthe complexity of the issues raised by integrating modern biotechnology into developing country agriculture settings suggests that time and space is needed toconsult on and to develop nationally-driven regulatory frameworks for GMOs.[adapted from author]
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