Regulation of biotechnology in LDCs: implications for technology development and transfer
1999
G. Tzotzos
This paper explores the role of regulation in agricultural biotechnology innovation and diffusion in the developing world. It explores various aspects of global biotechnology development in agriculture.Primary finding of the paper include:the role of governments in shaping the pathway of innovation through regulation technology and patenting policies is crucialdeveloping countries have remained outside the mainstream of agricultural biotechnology innovation due to both lack of resources and institutional and market failure. in the least developed countries technology diffusion, if it takes place at all, is likely to take the form of embedded technologies (transgenic seed). in those countries with an incipient science and technology capacity (e.g., Argentina, Brazil, China, Cuba, India), diffusion is likely to take place via technological spin-offs and the commercial activities of multinational enterprisesthe primary impact of regulation is likely to be on the rate of technology transfer rather than in the nature of innovationlack of regulatory capacity, although not surprising given shortages of resources, will impact negatively on public confidencerisk assessment of GMO introductions in the developing world is fraught with difficulties in taking full account of domestic conditions (either ecological or socio-economic)the questions biotechnology raises in relation to civic organisation and mechanisms effecting the equitable distribution of social and economic dividends.[adapted from author]
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