Study on location movement of rice production and export possibility of high quality rice in Thailand
2010
Thuamyung, S. | Itagaki, K., Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture, Tokyo (Japan)
Rice is the most significant cereal crops in the world. At this present time, rice is a main staple food for thousand millions of people in Asian countries. Thailand is one of the world's biggest rice producer and the biggest exporter in term of quantity in the world. Increase of world population and per capita income has significant influence on the total amount of rice consumption, causing the sizable structural change in the demand and supply of rice. Thailand is still sustaining the world's biggest exporter of rice. However, as the international competitiveness of rice is getting higher, in order to maintain comparative advantage for rice production and export internationally, rice exporter should take good quality and taste into consideration, coping with change of demand structure. At this moment, Thailand is usually suffering from over production of rice because the growth rate of production is quite higher than the rate of consumption per capita in the recent years.Even though rice is substantially important staple crop, the increased income per capita in the recent years compelled rice consumption to decrease even in Thailand. Rice consumption per person yearly decreased from 144 kilogram in 1980 to below 104 kilogram in 2003. Rice is widely cultivated in everywhere nationwide in Thailand. Global warming has been preventing stable and efficient rice production. On the other hand, in order to meet rice quality to consumer preference and taste, farmers grow rice with good quality. However, a rice production with high quality depends on the location specific conditions by region. In particular, the northeast region is comparatively suitable for growing the high quality rice. Farmers in this region will be expected to get benefit from producing it. This study aims to clarify the location movement of rice production taking the quality into account in Thailand for last two decades, making use of government statistics and identify some main reasons not only from the various aspects of national and socioeconomic conditions and technology, but also why high quality rice (ex. Jasmine rice) should be used in relatively poor regional like Northeast. Understanding the location movement and export possibility of high quality rice will surely be helpful on considering the better way to improve the rice production management as well as the increased income and productivity for rice farmer in such unfavourable areas as the Northeast region in Thailand through deeper surveying.
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