Morfološke i produktivne osobine pšenice krupnik na černozemu i degradiranom zemljištu / Morphological and productivity characteristics of spelt wheat on the chernozem and degraded soil

Spelt wheat is characterized by a series of good productive characteristics, primarily well adapted to the agro-ecological conditions and land hilly and mountainous areas, tolerant to drought, pathogens and insect attack (Flaksberger, 1930). The grain is tightly wrapped tailings and protected from air pollution, so it can be grown in areas that are less suitable for the type naked wheat species. Compared to common spelt wheat because of their biological properties, as well as nutritional and medicinal properties becomes more interesting for breeding. Consumption of grains of wheat in the diet of people is constantly increasing (Zielinski et al., 2008). The nutritive value of flour, according to Nikolić (1998) and Ruibal-Mendueta et al. (2002), reflected in higher total protein content (19%) with a higher content of essential amino acids. The flour has a vitamin B-complex, mucopolysaccharides, which stimulate the immune system of the body, then the oil, cellulose and mineral salts. Thanks to the high nutritional value of spelt flour improver is used as the quality and taste of wheat bread and other bread-baking products (Galova and Knodlochova, 2000). As pointed Bodroza-Solarov et al., (2009) flour, milled spelt grain provides all the necessary nutrients in ideal natural balance. Bread, made with spelt flour added, is more digestible than the value of the common wheat flour. Value meal provides high gluten content, so it can be used to prepare cakes and various pasta without adding eggs. If it is used for grinding whole grains, we obtain the so-called whole wheat flour (Ruegger et al., 1990). Spelt can be grown without the use of prohibited chemicals and is highly respected in organic farming (Kohajdová and Karovičova, 2008). Grain, obtained in this way is used for the organic foods. These products are a growing number of consumers who eat and live in harmony with nature. The results showed that, although there are significant differences in the yields of grain, spelt wheat can be grown on poor degraded soils that are in the process of recultivation.