[Using Of Biotechnology In Evaluation Of Genetic Material Of The Segregated Generation Resulted From Mutation Program Of Barley]

The research was carried out at the Biotechnology Lab. (Faculty of Agriculture _ Damascus University) during the seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 in cooperation with the Biotechnology Lab. (Faculty of Agriculture _ Cairo University). Two varieties of barley (Forat 1 and Arabic Aswad) got from the GCSAR (General Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research) were tested in this study. Treating with Gamma irradiation (Dose 5 Kr) gave three types of mutations: the spikes of six-rows mutated to two-rows spikes; individuals from Forat 1 becomes earlier and late in maturity. The medium dose (10 Kr) resulted in one mutation, medium-stem length plants and the higher (15 Kr) dose has shown a mutation that transform of two-rows spikes into six-rows spikes in Arabic Aswad variety. the studied traits varied significantly as compared to the control except the weight of 1000 grains in (10 Kr and 15 Kr) doses. According to number and weight of grains the dose (5 Kr) exceeded the other doses. the correlation values and strength between the studied traits were high and positively significant except the trait of 1000 grain weight which had a negative significant values for the doses (10 and 15 Kr). Treated grains of Forat 1 with 10 Kr dose were inspected to determine the presence of a genetic locations responsible to lodging resistance trait and to determine the genetic relationship among them, using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats).Primers proved their effectiveness in showing polymorphism between studied individuals, and gave a total of 2 alleles with a polymorphic percentage of 94.44%. The number of bands for each primer varied from minimum of 1 band for the primer (Bmac 0209) to maximum 3 bands for the primers (Bmag 0125, Bmag 0225) with an average of 2 bands for each primer. Cluster analysis and Dendrogram showed the highest PDV (0.85) between untreated plants of Forat 1 and Gamma treated ones, while it was the lowest (0.30) between plant 1 and plant 2, which indicates a vast genetic diversity among them. Results also showed a reduction in plant stem height for the irradiated plants by an average of 33.85% as compared to the control. At determining the nucleotide sequencing for the amplified piece of DNA using M111215f84385 and M111215R84604 and compare it with the gene bank was found to be 90% resemblance to a transcription factor: Hordeum vulgare clone a6 homedomain leucine zipper with the accession number (JF 904737.1) GI: 37904778. Also the early mature grains of Forat 1 and 11 loci were identified for the gene Aldehydrine 8 loci from the treated grain and 3 loci for the control. and the sequencing for the early maturity was done found 96% resemblance to a transcription factor Glycine max serine incorporator 1-like (LOC100788574), mRNA