Radiation factors and case-based background of modern climate change | Радиационные факторы и доказательная база современных изменений климата

The monograph presents the evidence base and the problematic issues of interpretation of the results of experimental and modeling studies of climate change, analyzes arguments and facts in favor of modern anthropogenic climate change, and investigates peculiarities of climate change, which is difficult to explain with the influence of greenhouse gases. Global and regional characteristics of temperature change, the role of the ocean in climate, general circulation of the atmosphere and climate change, assessment of impact of urbanization on the climate and the frequency of severe weather events are analyzed. The influence of urbanization on climate of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus is evaluated, the role of the cities in the process of formation of meteorological characteristics and dangerous meteorological phenomena is determined. Contribution of anthropogenic fluxes of heat in the process of climate change is researched. New indices of radioactive influence on climate and characteristics of solar and geomagnetic activity used in studies of solar-terrestrial relations are presented. Estimation of radiation effects of solar activity on climate is made; calculation of changes of brightness of the solar disk on the basis of estimation of changes in brightness and area of active formations on the Sun is offered. Change of the content of natural (volcanic) and anthropogenic aerosol in atmosphere is calculated; change in concentration of carbon dioxide and assessment of its radioactive influence on the climate is analyzed. The Kyoto Protocol is presented, its essence and main problems are investigated; the preliminary results of Kyoto Protocol's performance are shown and the prospects of the actions against global warming are outlined. Environmental impact of the use of local energy resources is evaluated; renewable energy sources and emissions of greenhouse gases in the Republic of Belarus are researched. Preliminary results of implementing the Kyoto Protocol and the preparation of a new international agreement on climate protection are presented.