Active Components of Extracts from the Fermentation Liquid of Trichoderma harzianum Strain T28 and Their Inhibiting Activities to Phytophthora infestans | 哈茨木霉T28发酵液提取物对致病疫霉的抑菌作用及有效成分

中国人. 采用直接提取法和分步提取法对哈茨木霉T28发酵液进行萃取,获得6种提取物;将各提取物对致病疫霉进行抑菌活性研究,并对具有最佳抑菌效果的提取物进行GC-MS分析。结果表明：采用分步提取法和乙酸乙酯为萃取液的提取物对致病疫霉菌丝生长、孢子囊萌发、孢子囊释放游动孢子具有最佳的抑制效果,抑制率分别为67.06%,71.71%和76.25%;采用直接提取法获得的提取物抑制效果次之。2种方法的提取物中分别含有10个和15个组分,其中相同组分为2,5-二叔丁基酚、邻苯二甲酸二叔丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、十八碳酸甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸单（2-二乙基己基）酯,这些组分可能为对致病疫霉菌具有抑制作用的有效成分。

英语. Six extracts were obtained from the fermentation liquid of Trichoderma harzianum strain T28 by using different extract methods and organic solvents with different polarity. Inhibiting activities of the extracts on Phytophthora infestans were tested. The extracts with high inhibiting activities were further analyzed with GC-MS. The results indicated that the extracts obtained with step-by-step extraction method and ethyl acetate extract had the optimum inhibiting effect on mycelial growth, sporangium germination and sporangium released zoospores of P. infestans, with the inhibition rates of 67.06 percent, 71.71 percent and 76.25 percent, respectively. Ethyl acetate-extracted ingredients in the sequential extraction and the direct extraction process were analyzed with GC-MS, and 10 and 15 components were identified, respectively; the same components in the two extraction methods included 2,5-di-tert-butylphenol, di-tert-butyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, eighteen methyl carbonate, dibutyl phthalatel and mono-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate. These components might be the active chemical ingredients which inhibited P. infestans.