Effect of steam explosion on lignocellulose,neutral aromatic components and microscopic structure of tobacco leaf | 蒸汽爆破对烟叶木质纤维素和中性香味成分含量及其显微结构的影响

中国人. 为研究烟叶爆破前后叶片中木质纤维素和中性香味成分含量及其显微结构的变化，用蒸汽爆破技术对烟叶进行了不同压力梯度的汽爆。结果表明：1）蒸汽爆破处理对叶片中的半纤维和纤维素有明显的去除作用，与对照相比，在0．6MPa爆破时，两者含量分别降低49．26％和18．37％，木质素含量随汽爆压力的增加呈现先降低再小幅增加的趋势；2）蒸汽爆破在低压条件下（≤0．2MPa）可激发小分子香味物质生成，糠醛、糠醇、2-乙酰基呋喃、5-甲基糠醛、苯乙醛、香叶基丙酮和巨豆三烯酮A含量都出现了增加，除香叶基丙酮，其余均与对照有显著性差异，但高压条件（〉0．2MPa）下造成香味物质损失严重；3）新植二烯作为许多香味成分的前体物质，在0．6MPa时，最大降解率达到57．58％，部分转化成小分子香味物质；4）爆破后的烟叶，其表征形态和微观结构均发生了明显变化，且随压力梯度的增加，变化越显著。结果显示：利用低蒸汽压力（≤0．2MPa）爆破烟叶，可以较好的去除杂气和木质纤维素，激发小分子香味物质，明显改变烟叶显微结构。

英语. In order to investigate the effects of steam explosion on the physical and chemical properties of tobacco leaf, the content of lignocellulose and neutral aromatic components,and microscopic structure of tobacco leaf exploded were studied under different pressure conditions. The results showed from four aspects as below. Firstly, there was an obvious decline of content of semi-cellulose and cellulose, and under 0.6 MPa, the decline percentages were 49.26% and 18. 37% separately, and there was a decrease-then-increase trend of lignin changed with different explosion pressures. Secondly,a lot of small molecule aromatic components were stimulated by low pressure （not passing 0.2 MPa） ,and except （E）-Geranylacetone, there was a significant difference compared with the blank sample, but under high pressure （passing 0. 2 MPa）, the neutral aromatic components were damaged heavily. Thirdly, as the pre- substance of many aromatic components, neophytadiene decreased by 57.58% under 0.6 MPa and part of it was transformed to other small aromatic components. Fourthly, after explosion, the microscopic structure of tobacco leaf changed more drastically with the higher pressure. The conclusion was that under low pressure （not passing 0.2 MPa）,the offensive taste disappeared and lignocellulose decreased lot, small aromatic components were stimulated, and microscopic structure of tobacco leaf changed evidently.