The study of spatial and temporal characteristics of safe maturity dates of rice in Jiangsu Province | 江苏水稻安全成熟期的时空演变研究

中国人. 确定水稻安全成熟期对于合理安排水稻播栽期以及后茬作物生产非常重要。利用江苏省13个气象站点1960至2011年历年9―11月日平均温度等气象数据,根据水稻安全成熟的临界温度指标,推算不同地区安全成熟期。结果表明:随着气候变化,水稻的安全成熟期推迟,由北至南,趋势逐渐加大。1985年后,安全成熟期后推迹象明显。以1985年以来的气象数据为依据,籼稻保证率为80%的安全成熟期苏南、江淮、淮北分别为10月4日、10月3日、9月26日;粳稻保证率为80%的安全成熟期苏南、江淮、淮北分别为10月17日、10月16日、10月11日。在此日期成熟,水稻抽穗期处在最佳的温光条件下,同时能在较大程度上避免后期冷害。

英语. Determining the safe maturity of rice is very important for arranging sowing days of rice and succeeding crop stubbles.In this study,the daily average temperatures from September to November for the past 50 years(1960-2011)of 13 meteorological stations in Jiangsu Province were analyzed.According to the critical temperature indices for rice safe maturity dates,the safe maturity days were obtained.Results demonstrated that as a result of climate change the safe maturity days of rice were becoming later,after 1985 in particular,and the deferred time was gradually increasing from north to south in Jiangsu Province.When calculated with the use of meteorological date between 1985 to 2011,safe maturity days of indica with the guarantee rate for the safe maturity of 80% were October 4(Sunan),October 3(Jianghuai),September 26(Huaibei),and that of japonica with the guarantee rate for the safe maturity of 80% were October 17(Sunan),October 16(Jianghuai),October 11(Huaibei).Rice should mature around these days in order to get optimal temperature and radiation at the heading stage,and avoid the rice yield decreases caused by chilling injury.