Fine structure of the digestive glands of the sea hares apl ysia oculifera and apl ysia fasclata with special references to their bioactive effects
2009
Moustafa, A.Y. | Ramadan, S. | Aboul Dahab, H.M. | Hussein, M.A.
Sea hares are group of Mollusca belonging to order Anaspidea. The digestive gland of sea hares is considered to be the first line of defense since they sequester the secondary metabolites from their algal diets and stored them in their digestive gland. Also, the digestive gland has a role in detoxification by accumulation and storing pollutant elements. In the present investigation, some elements are detected from the digestive gland such as silicon, phosphorus, aluminum and sulphur. Histologically, the digestive gland tubules of the sea hares A. oculifera and A. fasciata are lined by three types of cells namely, digestive, secretory and rhodoplast digestive cells. A halogenated sesquiterpene compound is derived from the extract of the digestive gland of A. fascieta named as: 1,7,10-tribromo-3,7,11,11 tetramethly spiro (5,5) undecan-3-ol. The LD50 of digestive gland extraction of A. oculifera equals 32.6 mg/kg, while that of A. fasciata equals 26.55 mg/kg. The crude extract of digestive gland of A. oculifera inhibits the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus auerus and Streptococcus pygenes, while that for A. fasciata inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus auerus. While, the extraction of A. fasciata inhibited the fungal growth of pathogenic fungi Fusarium axysporum, Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus.
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