Earthworm indicators as tools for soil monitoring, characterization and risk assessment. An example from the national Bioindicator programme (France)
2011
Pérès , Guénola (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paimpont(France). Université Rennes 1, UMR CNRS “Ecobio” 6553, Station Biologique) | Vandenbulcke , Franck (Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d’Ascq(France). Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE) Lille Nord de France, EA 4515, Equipe Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie) | Guernion , Muriel (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paimpont(France). Université Rennes 1, UMR CNRS “Ecobio” 6553, Station Biologique) | Hedde , Mickaël (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Beguiristain , Thierry (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy(France). LIMOS, UMR 7137 CNRS Nancy Université, Faculté des Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239) | Douay , Francis (Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture de Lille, Lille(France). Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE) Lille Nord de France, EA 4515, Equipe Sols et Environnement, 48 boulevard Vauban) | Houot , Sabine (INRA , Thiverval-Grignon (France). UMR 1091 Environnement et Grandes Cultures) | Piron , Denis (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paimpont(France). Université Rennes 1, UMR CNRS “Ecobio” 6553, Station Biologique) | Richard , Antoine (INRA , Arras (France). US 0010 Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols) | Bispo , Antonio (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie, Angers(France). (French Environment and Energy Management Agency), 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP 90 406) | Grand , Cécile (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie, Angers(France). ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency), 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP 90 406) | Galsomies , Laurence (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie, Angers(France). ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency), 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP 90 406) | Cluzeau , Daniel (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paimpont(France). Université Rennes 1, UMR CNRS “Ecobio” 6553, Station Biologique)
Considering the limited number of bioindicators available to assess soil quality, a national research programme was set up in France to develop such indicators (2006–2012), the “Bioindicator” programme. This programme tested 47 biological parameters (i.e. microorganisms, fauna, flora) including earthworms, in several sites differing in terms of land use, contamination type – PAHs or metals – and pollution levels. The present study proposes some study objectives for bioindicator approaches, based on the earthworm results from the programme. Therefore, different earthworm descriptors were tested at the community level (e.g. abundance, biomass, species and functional structures, and ecological traits) as well as the organism level (i.e. measuring the metallothionein coding gene expression level in earthworms). The present results, obtained from the programme's spring 2009 sampling campaign, discriminated among the different descriptors and showed that earthworm and endogeic abundance as well as the individual weight of endogeics seem to be good indicators in non-contaminated (cultivated) sites, while the ecological structure, namely the proportion of anecic vs. endogeic species, and the proportion of non-vulnerable species should be used as indicators of contaminated soils. Furthermore, the first results obtained for Lumbricus terrestris and L. rubellus rubellus are encouraging as they show that metallothionein expression increases in metal-contaminated soils. The relevance of these descriptors, which have to be considered in study objectives, requires the analysis of 2010 results.
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