Cord blood glutathione depletion in preterm infants: correlation with maternal cysteine depletion
2011
Kuester , Alice (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NantesInstitut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, NantesNANTESNantes(France). Division of NeonatologyUMR1280 PhAN Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles Centre d’Investigation Clinique) | Tea , Illa (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nantes(France). UMR6230 Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM)) | Ferchaud-Roucher , Veronique (Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine de Nantes, Nantes,(France). Mass Spectrometry Core Facility) | Le Borgne , Sabrina (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nantes(France). UMR6230 Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM)) | Plouzennec , Claire (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nantes(France). UMR6230 Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM)) | WINER , Norbert (INRA , Nantes (France). UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles) | Rozé , Jean-Christophe (INRA , Nantes (France). UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles) | Robins , Richard J. (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nantes(France). UMR6230 Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM)) | Darmaun , Dominique(auteur de correspondance) (INRA , Nantes (France). UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles)
Background: Depletion of blood glutathione (GSH), a key antioxidant, is known to occur in preterm infants. Objective: Our aim was to determine: 1) whether GSH depletion is present at the time of birth; and 2) whether it is associated with insufficient availability of cysteine (cys), the limiting GSH precursor, or a decreased capacity to synthesize GSH. Methodology: Sixteen mothers delivering very low birth weight infants (VLBW), and 16 mothers delivering healthy, full term neonates were enrolled. Immediately after birth, erythrocytes from umbilical vein, umbilical artery, and maternal blood were obtained to assess GSH [GSH] and cysteine [cys] concentrations, and the GSH synthesis rate was determined from the incorporation of labeled cysteine into GSH in isolated erythrocytes ex vivo, measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Principal Findings: Compared with mothers delivering at full term, mothers delivering prematurely had markedly lower erythrocyte [GSH] and [cys] and these were significantly depressed in VLBW infants, compared with term neonates. A strong correlation was found between maternal and fetal GSH and cysteine levels. The capacity to synthesize GSH was as high in VLBW as in term infants. Conclusion: The current data demonstrate that: 1) GSH depletion is present at the time of birth in VLBW infants; 2) As VLBW neonates possess a fully active capacity to synthesize glutathione, the depletion may arise from inadequate cysteine availability, potentially due to maternal depletion. Further studies would be needed to determine whether maternal-fetal cysteine transfer is decreased in preterm infants, and, if so, whether cysteine supplementation of mothers at risk of delivering prematurely would strengthen antioxidant defense in preterm neonates.
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