Biological Conservation Practices on Gully Erosion Control in Loess Deposits of Golestan Province
Gholamreza Shahini | Amir Hossein Charkhabi | Hossein Issaei
Gully Erosion has been observed in the north and northeast of Golestan province in the loessial deposits. Gully erosion can affected on dam reservoirs and irrigation canals, fish pools through sedimentation and decrease of soil fertility. So we select an area around the Enchebroon village ( located at 60 km far away from North of Gorgan) in order to biological gully control. Four treatments were used as follow: (1) No treatment, (NT). (2) No grazing, (NG). (3) No grazing with tree plantation, (NGT). (4) No grazing with waterway bushy small dams, (NGB). On the selected gullies, measured parameters are includes of: head growth, width, depth, length, surface soil compaction, surface infiltration, canopy percent and soil water content. In (NGT), 4 plant species were planted as follow; Olea europea, Melia azaderach, Ailanthus sp, and Robinia pseudo acacia. Data analysis showed that there is a significant difference among NT with others treatment. And also the average head of growth in NT was 65.3 cm per year but in other treatments were 4.1 cm. the canopy average in NT was 22.3% but in other treatments was 83.9%. The soil compaction average in NT was 3.9 Kg/cm 2 but in other treatments were 2.8 kg/cm 2 . And so, the soil moisture content in NT was 9.9% but in other treatments were 11.9%.Therefore, it is shown that no grazing treatment was successful to prevent of gully extend (gully growth, depth and width). In all treatment except NT, soil moisture, infiltration rate, and surface compaction reduced and thus soil quality improved in eroded area. Among the tree species, only olive tree was relatively successfully established and other species was not because of climate condition.
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