Climate Finance in the Urban Context
2010
Huhtala, Ari
Cities and the people who live in them account for more than 80 percent of the world's total greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, more than 80 percent of the overall annual global costs of adaptation to climate change are estimated to be borne by urban areas. This issues brief looks at potential financing opportunities and costs of mitigation and adaptation in the urban context. Wide-ranging potential sources for finance for climate action are described, and suggestions are made for more effective responses to climate investment challenges in cities.
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书目信息
出版者
World Bank, Washington, DC
其它主题
Trading system; Grant funding; Income levels; Pedestrian; Wind storms; Financial instruments; Transit system; Investing; Partial risk; Transaction; Beneficiary; Risk sharing; Bank loan; Partial credit; Forest; Impacts of climate change; International development; City buses; Black carbon; Rapid transit; Return; Bond issuance; Settlement; Development finance; Natural disaster; Land development; Climate-change; Bus; Road; Equity investments; Mobility; Private lenders; Pledges; Low-carbon; Debt service; Floods; Credit strength; Incremental costs; Insurance premium; Liquefied petroleum gas; International standard; Carbon finance; Road maintenance; Swaps; Climate insurance; Carbon market; Catastrophe bond; Investments in energy efficiency; Small businesses; Financial flows; Car; Risk assessments; Transportation system; Insurance premiums; Transport sector; Urban transport; Financial institution; Enabling environment; Treasury; Black carbon emissions; International capital markets; Municipalities; Insurance products; Environmental externalities; Trust fund; Greenhouse gas; Emission reductions; Public policy; Financial resources; Ghgs; International finance; Market mechanisms; Carbon emission; Guarantee products; Clean energy technologies; Emissions from deforestation; Urban growth; Contractual obligations; Llc; Bond; Credit enhancements; Lenders; Forest investment; Greenhouse; Trust funds; Reserve; Economic activity; Infrastructure investments; Forest carbon; Insurance costs; Urban sprawl; Carbon technologies; Ghg; Mass transit; Global climate change; Capital markets; Urban systems; Development bank; Shareholder; Energy efficiency measures; Environmental benefits; Public transport; Disaster insurance; Abatement; Damages; Economies in transition; Urban services; Bonds; International capital; Emissions reductions; Technical assistance; Credit guarantees; Local governments; Urban transport system; Financial support; Clean energy; Infrastructure investment; Insurance coverage; Trading; Clean technology; Certified emission reductions; Emissions baseline; Bond issuers; Asset management; Beneficiaries; Framework convention on climate change; Financial instrument; Extreme events; Transportation policy; Insurance schemes; Pedestrian comfort; Tax; Mdb; Feasibility; Large cities; Reserve fund
许可
Development, climate, and finance issues
brief;no. 4http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/CC BY 3.0 IGO
来源
Development, climate, and finance issues
brief;no. 4
2014-09-15
AGRIS AP