Grain quality of triticale grown under different management systems | Tritikāles graudu kvalitāte dažādās saimniekošanas sistēmās
2013
Kronberga, A., State Priekuli Plant Breeding Inst., Priekuli, Priekuli parish, Priekuli municipality (Latvia) | Piliksere, D., State Priekuli Plant Breeding Inst., Priekuli, Priekuli parish, Priekuli municipality (Latvia) | Vaivode, A., State Priekuli Plant Breeding Inst., Priekuli, Priekuli parish, Priekuli municipality (Latvia) | Kronberga, S., State Priekuli Plant Breeding Inst., Priekuli, Priekuli parish, Priekuli municipality (Latvia)
英语. To promote the use of triticale in food, within the project, for the first time in Latvia, were carried out complex investigations with an aim to establish, which triticale varieties are more suitable for agro-climatic conditions of Latvia and what growing technologies to use in organic and conventional cropping systems to obtain qualitative grains for food. This paper comprises two-year results of the investigation. Field trials with four winter triticale genotypes - ‘Dinaro’ (Poland), 9403-97, 9405-23, ‘Inarta’ (Latvia) and popular in Latvia winter wheat variety ‘Fredis’ (as a standard) were arranged under organic and conventional growing conditions at State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute during two growing seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. The soil type of the experimental field was sod-podzolic loamy sand. The yield of triticale was significantly influenced by both the genotype, and the growing technology. The highest yields in the conventional field were determined for varieties ‘Dinaro’ (7.90 t/ha) and ‘Inarta’ (7.83 t/ha) in 2011, and for genotypes 9405-23 (10.07 t/ha) and ‘Dinaro’ (10.11 t/ha) in 2012. In the organic field, in both years, the highest yields were harvested from the genotypes 9403-97 (3.89 t/ha in 2011 and 5.62 t/ha in 2012) and ‘Inarta’ (4.20 t/ha in 2011 and 5.55 t/ha in 2012). Increasing the dose of fertilizer, significantly increase grain yield, protein, lysine content in grains and grain density. For obtaining qualitative grain appropriate dose of fertilizer was N167 P50 K100 (N17, P50, N150 K100 autumn + spring). Seeding rates increase in organic field did not produce a positive effect on triticale yield and quality parameters, so the recommended lower applied seeding norm - 450 germinating seeds per square m. Grain yields increased significantly with a higher fertiliser rate in the conventional field in both years. In the organic field, higher seeding rate substantially increased an amount of yield only in 2012. A significant influence of genotype on yield, protein content, volume weight, falling number and lysine content was detected. Management system influenced yield, protein content and volume weight. The genotype 9405-23 could be selected as the best for food.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]拉脱维亚语. Pētījumā izvirzīts uzdevums izpētīt Latvijas agroklimatiskajiem apstākļiem piemērotākās ziemas tritikāles šķirnes un to audzēšanas tehnoloģijas bioloģiskajā un konvencionālajā saimniekošanas sistēmā, lai iegūtu kvalitatīvus, pārtikā izmantojamus graudus. Rakstā analizēti divu pētījumu gadu rezultāti, izvērtējot ziemas tritikāles šķirnes konvencionālās lauksaimniecības sistēmas laukos, pielietojot trīs dažādas mēslojuma devas un bioloģiskās lauksaimniecības laukā, pielietojot divas dažādas izsējas normas. Visus vērtētos rādītājus būtiski ietekmēja genotipa izvēle un gada meteoroloģiskie apstākļi. Pārtikas graudu ieguvei piemērotākā bija selekcijas līnija 9405-23. Mēslojuma devu paaugstināšana būtiski palielināja graudu ražu, proteīna, lizīna saturu graudos, kā arī graudu tilpummasu. Piemērotākā mēslojuma deva kvalitatīvu graudu ieguvei bija N167 P50 K100 (N17, P50, K100 rudenī + N150 pavasarī). Izsējas normas palielināšana bioloģiskajā laukā nedeva pozitīvu efektu uz tritikāles ražu un kvalitātes rādītājiem, tāpēc ieteicama zemākā pielietotā izsējas norma - 450 dīgstoši graudi uz m2.
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