Development of abaca (Musa textilis Nee) cultivars with resistance to major abaca viruses through mutation breeding
2014
Batalon, L.J.S. | Abustan, M.A.M. | Lalusin, A.G.
Abaca (Musa textilis Nee), a plant indigenous to the Philippines, is recognized worldwide as a source of fiber. There are three problems in the abaca industry namely: low yield, low quality of fiber, and presence of viral diseases (bunchy top, mosaic, and bract mosaic). Chemical mutagenesis is an efficient tool used in mutation breeding to induce useful phenotypic variations for improving the important traits of a crop. There are limited studies on induced mutations for the improvement of abaca; hence, this study on mutation breeding of abaca was initiated. Seed and shoot samples from ten abaca cultivars were subjected to various mutagenic treatments to determine the efficiency of chemical mutagens in producing genetic variability. Seeds of Brgy. [village] Ramyas (BR), Bulosan (Bu), and Inosa (In) were soaked in 2% (v/v) ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) for 48 hours with three replicates. On the other hand, seeds of Samoro (SA), Brgy. Mapaso (BM), Laylay (La), and Abuals Negro (AN) were soaked in 2% (v/v) diethyl sulphate (dES), 2% (v/v) cethidium bromide (EtBr), and distilled water (control) for 24 hours and 48 hours each. In addition, shoot tips of Tangongon (Tg) were treated with 1.25% EMS, which is the determined lethal dose (LD50) for TG. Phenotypic screening for virus resistance was done at the screenhouse, two months after inoculation via aphids. Putative virus-resistant abaca samples were transferred to the experimental site for field trial and subjected to molecular screening. Genomic DNA from abaca leaves were extracted using a modified CTAB protocol. Out of the 13 markers (a microsatellite, 2 gene specific primers, and 2 resistance gene analogues) needed for molecular characterization, a have been optimized using the modified PCR protocol recommended by In vitrogen. At present, the PCR parameters for the remaining primers are being optimized.
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