Biodiesel production from residual animal fat using various catalysts
2016
Ali, A.S. (Government Coll. Sustainable Development Study Centre, Lahore (Pakistan)) | Ahmad, F. (Government Coll. Sustainable Development Study Centre, Lahore (Pakistan)) | Farhan, M. (Forman Christian Coll., Lahore (Pakistan)) | Ahmad, M.
Waste animal fat is considered a promising cheap alternative feedstock for biodiesel production that does not compete with food items. The objective of the study was to utilize waste animal fat (beef & mutton) for biodiesel production using different catalysts (Na, NaOH& KOH). Oil extracted from beef and mutton fat was analyzed by Gas Layer Chromatography for its fatty acids composition. Both mutton and beef fat showed 50-93% conversion rate of oil to biodiesel with 3:1 methanol to oil molar ratio with addition of 1% by weight of different catalysts (Na, NaOH & KOH) at 60 degree C. Transesterification of animal fat with KOH catalyst produced biodiesel of high quality with good conversion rate. Biodiesel produced after transesterification reaction was analyzed for flash point less than 145 degree C each, kinematic viscosity 2.74 & 2.59cSt, density 0.88 & 0.87kg/L, pour point 59 degree F & 57.2 degree F, calorific value 11568.7 & 10907.4BTU/lb and water content 0.03 & 0.04% vol. for mutton and beef respectively. Properties of biodiesel were comparable to ASTM standards so it can be used as a fuel in vehicles.
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