Fig die-back disease in Egypt
2016
Lashin, S.M. (Agricultural Research Centre, Giza (Egypt). Plant Pathology Research Inst.) | Arab, Y.A. (Al-Azhar Univ., Nasr City (Egypt). Dept. of Botany) | El-Deeb, H.M. (Agricultural Research Centre, Giza (Egypt). Plant Pathology Research Inst.)
Several locations belonging to three Egyptian governorates, i.e. Matrouh, Alexandria and North Sinai were surveyed for die-back disease incidence on fig trees. The highest record of fig die-back disease incidence was found at Marssa Matrouh location (45.0%), while the lowest was record at El-Sheikh Zewaied location (23.0%). The disease occurrence was more prevailing during the season 2009 than 2008. Pathogenicity tests proved that Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium solani and Alternaria alternata are the causal pathogens of fig die-back disease. The fig cultivars cultivated in Egypt were differed in their reactions against the three causal pathogens. They were descendingly arranged as Sultani, Adssi, Gizi and Aboudi. The host range of Fig die-back pathogens were inclusive apricot, mango and grapevine trees. Saline stress has an important role in increasing the disease incidence. At 3000 ppm NaCl in irrigation water, the disease incidence on nurseling of cv. Sultani was 66.8%, while it reached 28.9% at 1000 ppm NaCl. Histopathological studies revealed that after 7 days from artificial inoculation, the pathogenic fungus B. theobromae caused plasmolysis and disorganization with a dark brown discoloration of epidermal and cortical cells, but after 21 days, the disease had rapidly progressed and therefore necrotic areas were formed in both xylem parenchyma and xylem vessels and colonized by hyphae, tylosis and by dark inclusions. This study is though out to be the first in this attitude in Egypt.
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