LEGUMINOUS AND GROATS CROPS IS AN ACTUAL DIRECTION OF IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF PRODUCTION
2017
Zotikov, V.I.
The problem of production of vegetable protein is constantly relevant as in world, and in domestic plant growing. From its solution depends on the provision of the population with high-grade food products, and animal husbandry - high-quality fodder. The year 2016 was a record for the gross grain harvest (120 million tons) and for the first time - according to the record collection of leguminous crops - together with soy about 6 million tons. Soy is a legume crop not only in botanical, but also in biological classification. Despite the low percentage of protein in the grain, its main suppliers are still cereals. In the total protein harvest, which amounted to 17.8 million tons in 2016, 1.5 times more than in 2007, the main share still falls on wheat - 8.8 million tons or 50%, which is comparable to the figures for 2007 of the year. At the same time, over 10 years the structure of production of vegetable protein has undergone significant changes, the share of corn grain sharply increased from 3.2 to 7.8% and leguminous crops, including soybeans, from 4.3 to 9.2%. An important source of fodder and food protein are legumes. By the coefficient of digestibility, the protein of pea seeds, beans, spring vetch, fodder beans and other leguminous crops is close to the protein of chicken eggs and milk. Proceeding from this, the value of wheat protein is estimated at 5 conv. units, barley - 20, soy - 43. In addition, the protein of legumes contains from 30 to 60% of high amylose starch, which is easily digested by the animal body. All this allows the grain of legumes to be full to cover energy and protein needs for humans and animals.
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