Host resistance to infectious disease: immunogenetics of Mareks disease in chickens.
2007
Sarson, A. J. | Abdul-Careem, M. F. | Parvizi, P. | Sharif, S.
It has been known for centuries that in epidemics of infectious diseases, some species, strains, families, and individuals are more resistant or susceptible than others. Since these early observations, the role of the inherent parameters in determining an individual's relative resistance to infectious diseases has been speculated upon. In the past few decades, with improvements in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, as well as successful national and international eradication programmes, the incidence rate of infectious diseases in human and domestic animal populations has dropped drastically. However, the process of controlling infectious diseases remains hampered by the cost of eradication programmes, the need for an intimate collaboration between national and international organizations, lack of knowledge regarding the genetic interplay between the host and parasite, constant evolution of parasites and the risk of resurgence of old pathogens or even those presumed to be eradicated. In the case of domestic animals, genetically based approaches for enhancement of disease resistance may provide a complementary or an alternative approach to the currently available strategies for control of disease, such as vaccination and the use of antimicrobials. This review describes the current status of research in the area of genetic regulation of host response and disease resistance in domestic animals. Various approaches for dissecting out genetics of host response and disease resistance, including phenotypic selection, genetic markers, candidate genes and gene expression profiling will be discussed. Finally, genetics of resistance and susceptibility to Marek's disease in chickens will be explored in detail.
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