Diversity of secondary endosymbionts associated with different Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotypes in the Philippines
2016
Millado, J.B.H | Sanchez, J.L. | Bariuan, J.V. | Sapin, G.D. | Caoili, B.L.
Biotypes of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), have been noted to harbor symbiotic prokaryotes, which greatly contribute to their biology. Some provide essential nutrition needed for survival while others can be non-essential or even deleterious. A pioneering local study focused on determining the biotypes of local whitefly populations. However, the identity of their associated endosymbionts has yet to be explored. This study attempted to identify of their associated with different B. tabaci biotypes from host plants including eggplant, tobacco, cabbage, ladies' fingers (okra), sweet potato, bottle gourd (upo), cucumber and some weeds and ornamentals collected from several locations. PCR amplification using genus-specific 16s and 23s ribosomal DNA genes revealed the presence of four secondary endosymbionts, namely, Hamiltonella, Rickettsia, Cardinium and Wolbachia. These were isolated from 51 haplotypes of B. tabaci consisting of Asia I (74.5%, n=38), MEAM 1 or B (19.6%, n=10), Asia II 10(3.9%, n=2), and Asia II 6(2.0%, n=1). Wolbachia was found in 94.1% of the samples while Rickettsia and Hamiltonella were restricted to the destructive MEAM 1(80.0% and 70.0%, respectively) and interestingly, also in a native Asia I sample (10.5% and 2.6%). Cardinium, on the other hand, was scarce in MEAM 1 (10%), Asia 1(5.3%), and Asia II 10(50%) and absent in Asia II 6 while Arsenophonus was not detected in any of the samples.
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