MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ADAPTABILITY OF NEW SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
2018
Golovina, E.V. | Zadorin, A.M.
In 2015-2017, the influence of meteorological conditions on the content and ratio of photosynthetic pigments in leaves and economically valuable traits in connection with adaptability was studied on 7 varieties and 2 lines of soybean selection VNIIZBK. The plasticity and adaptability of the pigment apparatus of soybean varieties is revealed. In conditions of high temperatures and intense solar insolation, the growth of chlorophyll b (pigment light-gatherer) and carotenoids (light-gathering pigments and photoprotectors) promotes more efficient use of light and protection from excess excitation energy and overheating, which is a compensatory response of plants. The dependence of the amount of adaptive pigments on weather conditions is revealed. With increase of hydrothermal coefficient increases content of chlorophyll b and content of carotenoids in soybean leaves. Close correlation positive links have been established between the grain yield and the aboveground mass and the root mass in years with a uniform distribution of precipitation; between the mass of grain and the number of beans and seeds in years with high moisture availability; a negative relationship between the yield and the height of attachment of the lower bean in the warmest and wettest year. Two groups of varieties are distinguished: early maturing Lancetnaya, Krasivaya Mecha, Osmon' and Svapa, characterized by a balanced distribution of plastic substances in conditions of excessive moisture during the period of fruit formation and filling of beans and forming a grain yield at the level of 2,4-2,8 t / ha; mid-maturing Zusha, Mezenka, Shatilovskaya 17, L-216 and L-85, under these conditions, forming a large vegetative mass and an increased amount of unripe beans, which leads to a decrease in grain productivity to 1,86-2,13 t/ha.
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