The Future of Mangroves in Penang, Malaysia: Bridging Science, Policy and Perspectives
2019
Nordhaus, Inga | Siriwardane-De Zoysa, Rapti | Gillis, Lucy Gwen | Chee, Su Yin | Chong, Lisa | Firth, Louise | Han, Andrew | Kwang, Sim Yee | Stiepani, Johann | Sturgeon, Amelia | Suppiah, Rajindran AP | Swee Yeok, Foong | Leibniz Center For Tropical Marine Research | Centre For Marine And Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia | University Of Plymouth | School Of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Mangrove forests provide a wealth of important ecosystem functions and services. They are highly productive and support biodiversity, serve as nurseries for fish and crustaceans, and provide coastal protection against storms and erosion. As a source of income for local fisher communities, they offer fish, crabs, shrimps, and mussels, raw materials for building, and medicinal resources. Rapid urbanization on Penang Island over the last few decades has caused the destruction and fragmentation of mangroves on the east coast. Along the western shorelines mangroves remain less fragmented. As coastal and offshore development is encroaching into fishing grounds, there are on-going conflicts between developers and fisher communities whose livelihoods depend on mangroves.
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