Урожайность и водопотребление пшеницы озимой в зависимости от сортовых особенностей, предшественников и фона питания в условиях степи Украины
2017
Гамаюнова, В. (Mykolaiv National Agrarian University, Nikolaev (Ukraine) | Литовченко, А .
The article presents the results of research on five winter wheat varieties (Albatross Odesskiy (st),Selyanka, Kuyalnik, Victoria Odesskaya, Ermak) conducted on southern chernozem soil during four years with differentweather conditions over the growing season. The studies were performed in a crop rotation and the winter wheat wascultivated after three predecessors: 1) black fallow, 2) maize for silage and 3) winter wheat. Winter wheat varieties weresown on two backgrounds - natural background of the predecessor (without fertilizers) and with mineral fertilizerapplication before sowing and as top dressing. Data are presented on the yield of winter wheat depending onpredecessor, fertilizing background, biological characteristics of the variety and weather conditions prevailing duringthe cultivation years. The influence of the studied factors on the total water consumption and the coefficient of waterconsumption by wheat varieties was determined. It was established that in the Steppe of Ukraine, the highest grainyield is obtained after black fallow. The yield is also quite high after maize and winter wheat, especially in the years offavorable moisture supply and also when optimizing plant nutrition. The reserves of soil moisture and precipitationduring the growing season are also effectively used when winter wheat is sown after fallow and with a significantadvantage when optimizing the nutrition background of the plants and using the most productive varieties for the area.The introduction of the developed technological elements and the choice of productive varieties mostly adapted to thearea conditions will significantly increase the gross grain harvest of winter wheat
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