New trends in application of alternative raw materials in beer production
2018
Pejin, Jelena | Pribić, Milana (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4176-822X) | Kocić-Tanackov, Sunčica (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-6033) | Djukić-Vuković, Aleksandra (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0750-2754) | Mojović, Ljiljana
The brewing industry is interested in new developments in the use of raw materials other than barley malt in beer production. Due to the development of commercial brewing enzymes in recent years, it becomes realistic to brew beers using unmalted cereal grains with the addition of exogenous enzymes. Alternative raw materials are sources of fermentable extract and are used to replace a proportion of the, usually more expensive, barley malt. Usually, alternative raw materials only contribute starch, little or no soluble nitrogen, no enzyme activity, so hydrolysis of their starch depends upon the enzymes present in the malt or commercial enzymes. In beer production, barley malt is often partially replaced with unmalted barley, wheat, rice, corn, triticale, or pseudocereals in gluten free beer production. Triticale shows high amylolytic activity even in unmalted form, which is the major advantage versus other currently used brewing adjuncts. Its advantages compared to other cereals are: higher grain yield even in unfavorable conditions, higher test weight, resistance to soil-climatic conditions, tolerance to dryness, more acid soils, and lower requirement of nutrient substances. Also, it does not need as much fertilizer when compared to types and varieties providing the same yields. In our research two triticale that were investigated showed high activity of α- and β-amylase (6260 U/g) in native grain and in produced malts. Also, very high extract content and diastatic power were obtained in malts produced from both triticale varieties. Content of mixed linkage β-glucan in triticale was low while pentosans content was high. Triticale cell walls contain predominantly pentosans, that could increase wort viscosity and slow beer filtration. The results showed that triticale is an interesting cereal which could be used as a partial substitute of barley malt in beer production and used at high ratios, without the addition of commercial enzymes.
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